JULY 1/SIVAN 25
3830 (70 CE):
According to the final chapter of Megillat Ta’anit, Rabbis Shimon ben Gamliel, Yishmael ben Elisha, and Chanania Segan ha-Kohanim were martyred by the Romans on this date . These sages are listed among the Ten Martyrs.
1776:
Francis Salvador of South Carolina, the first Jew to hold legislative office in any of the English colonies, also became the first Jew to die for the cause of American liberty. At the time, the British were encouraging Cherokee Indian tribes to attack and massacre colonial settlements along the frontier, and during one such attack, Salvador was shot and scalped.
1902:
Birthday of William Wyler, Swiss-German film director, producer and screenwriter, who received 12 Oscar nominations for Best Director of which he won for 3 films: Mrs. Miniver (1942), The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), and Ben-Hur (1959)--all of which also won Oscars for Best Picture.
1908:
Birthday of Estée Lauder (Josephine Esther Mentzer), named in Time Magazine as one of the 100 most influential business people of the century for building her cosmetics company into the world’s largest family-owned beauty business.
1926:
Birthday of Robert Fogel, American economic historian who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1993 "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change."
1929:
Birthday of Gerald Edelman, American biologist who received the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the chemical structure of antibody molecules. His later work involved research in neuroscience and the philosophy of the mind.
1941:
Birthday of Myron Scholes, Canadian/American financial economist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1997 for the Black-Scholes model which provides a conceptual framework for valuing options.
1941:
Birthday of Alfred Gilman, American pharmacologist and biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1994 "for the discovery of G-proteins and their role in cellular signal transduction."